Reference
Free to readDealer Gamma FAQ & Glossary
Quick answers on GEX, the flip, and the two regimes — each with a picture — plus the vocabulary, defined.
Frequently asked
What is dealer gamma (GEX)?
An estimate of the net option gamma that dealers must hedge, built by strike from open interest. It tells you how much stock dealers have to buy or sell as price moves to stay delta-neutral — and therefore whether their hedging will dampen or amplify the move.
What is the gamma flip level?
The price where cumulative net dealer gamma crosses zero — the boundary between the long-gamma regime (above) and the short-gamma regime (below). Above it hedging stabilizes; below it hedging amplifies.
Long gamma vs short gamma — what's the difference?
Long gamma: dealers sell rallies and buy dips to stay hedged — counter-trend, stabilizing, range-compressing. Short gamma: dealers buy rallies and sell dips — pro-trend, amplifying, range-expanding. Same desk, opposite flow, decided by the sign of net gamma.
Does positive GEX mean bullish?
No. Net long gamma means stabilizing, not up. A long-gamma market can drift lower quietly; a short-gamma market can rip higher. GEX tells you the character of the tape — calm or violent, mean-reverting or trending — not the direction.
Why do dealers have to hedge at all?
Market-makers warehouse the options the public trades and don't want directional risk, so they offset their delta with the underlying. Gamma means that delta keeps changing as price moves, so they must keep re-hedging — and that re-hedging is the flow GEX estimates.
Why do calls count positive and puts negative?
It's the standard sign convention: dealers are assumed long call gamma and short put gamma — the mirror of customers who buy puts for protection and sell calls for yield. So call open interest adds positive GEX, put open interest negative. It's a well-used assumption, not a law.
What is pinning?
In a long-gamma regime, dealer hedging pulls price back toward heavy-gamma strikes — selling above them, buying below them. Near expiration that magnetism can "pin" the close to a big strike. It's a tendency, strongest when gamma is concentrated and the market is calm.
Is the flip a precise level?
No — it's an estimate that moves with open interest, spot, and the implied vols used, and it can shift intraday. Read it as a regime boundary and a zone, not a hard trigger. Its value is telling you which side you're on, not pinpointing a price to the penny.
What are the limitations?
GEX is a heuristic, not a flow model. It assumes the sign convention, uses listed open interest (which lags), can't see OTC or true dealer inventory, and depends on the implied vols feeding the gammas. Use it for regime and concentration, not precise predictions.
Which underlyings are covered?
ETFs on the ETF Analytics tier; any optionable single stock on ETF + Equities. The full GEX-by-strike data is available as a CSV export on the Everything tier.
How does it relate to the other Nations tools?
Dealer gamma is the positioning lens — how hedging will push price. The vol tools are the price-of-vol lens: Term Structure (across time), Skew (across strikes), Cones (versus realized history). Together they tell you what vol costs and how its hedging is likely to move the tape.
Glossary
The rate of change of an option's delta as the underlying moves — what forces dealers to keep re-hedging.
Estimated net dealer gamma by strike, from open interest — the hedging flow per unit move.
The price where cumulative net dealer gamma crosses zero — the boundary between regimes.
Dealers sell rallies, buy dips — stabilizing, counter-trend hedging. Above the flip.
Dealers buy rallies, sell dips — amplifying, pro-trend hedging. Below the flip.
The number of outstanding contracts at a strike — the raw input for GEX.
Trading the underlying to offset an option book's directional exposure.
Long-gamma hedging pulling price toward a heavy-gamma strike, strongest into expiration.
The running sum of signed GEX across price — its zero crossing is the flip.
The assumption that dealers are long call gamma and short put gamma.
Free reference. The tool and its data come with a plan — ETFs (ETF Analytics), single names (ETF + Equities), full history (Everything).
See plans →Educational content from Nations Indexes. GEX is a regime heuristic estimated from open interest under a standard sign convention, not a precise flow model. Diagrams are schematic. Click any diagram to enlarge it. Nothing here is investment advice.